For use with healthy and at-risk preterm infants and full-term infants at risk because of prenatal substance exposure or other conditions, NNNS enables clinicians' and researchers' comprehensive assessment of neurobehavioral functioning, with a focus on neurologic, stress, and withdrawal signs that sets it apart from other tools. Trained NICU personnel can use this 20-minute tool with infants through 6 weeks of age, and as early as 30 weeks for preterm infants. The NNNS exam assesses 115 items in three categories: neurologic items that assess active and passive muscle tone, primitive reflexes, and central nervous system integrity; behavioral state, sensory, and interactive responses; and stress/abstinence items. After assessing the items and generating summary scores for stress, withdrawal, and the major domains of neurobehavioral performance, professionals will have a complete, valid, and accurate picture of the infant's current functioning--information they'll use to recommend appropriate interventions and guide families. NNNS includes a detailed Manual, a Scoring Sheet to record scores for the 115 items, and a Tool Kit with all the standardized materials required to conduct assessment.