From women's medicine and the writings of Christine de Pizan to the lives of market and tradeswomen and the idealization of virginity, gender and social status dictated all aspects of women's lives during the middle ages. A cross-disciplinary resource, "Women and Gender in Medieval Europe" examines the daily reality of medieval women from all walks of life in Europe between 450 CE and 1500 CE, i.e., from the fall of the Roman Empire to the discovery of the Americas. Moving beyond biographies of famous noble women of the middles ages, the scope of this important reference work is vast and provides a comprehensive understanding of medieval women's lives and experiences. Masculinity in the middle ages is also addressed to provide important context for understanding women's roles. Entries that range from 250 words to 4,500 words in length thoroughly explore topics in the following areas: art and architecture; countries, realms, and regions; daily life; documentary sources; economics; education and learning; gender and sexuality; historiography; law; literature; medicine and science; music and dance; persons; philosophy; politics; political figures; religion and theology; religious figures; and social organization and status. Written by renowned international scholars, "Women and Gender in Medieval Europe" is the latest in the "Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages". Easily accessible in an A-to-Z format, students, researchers, and scholars will find this outstanding reference work to be an invaluable resource on women in Medieval Europe.