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发表于2024-11-10
Gulag pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
The Gulag—the vast array of Soviet concentration camps—was a system of repression and punishment whose rationalized evil and institutionalized inhumanity were rivaled only by the Holocaust.
The Gulag entered the world’s historical consciousness in 1972, with the publication of Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s epic oral history of the Soviet camps, The Gulag Archipelago . Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, dozens of memoirs and new studies covering aspects of that system have been published in Russia and the West. Using these new resources as well as her own original historical research, Anne Applebaum has now undertaken, for the first time, a fully documented history of the Soviet camp system, from its origins in the Russian Revolution to its collapse in the era of glasnost. It is an epic feat of investigation and moral reckoning that places the Gulag where it belongs: at the center of our understanding of the troubled history of the twentieth century.
Anne Applebaum first lays out the chronological history of the camps and the logic behind their creation, enlargement, and maintenance. The Gulag was first put in place in 1918 after the Russian Revolution. In 1929, Stalin personally decided to expand the camp system, both to use forced labor to accelerate Soviet industrialization and to exploit the natural resources of the country’s barely habitable far northern regions. By the end of the 1930s, labor camps could be found in all twelve of the Soviet Union’s time zones. The system continued to expand throughout the war years, reaching its height only in the early 1950s. From 1929 until the death of Stalin in 1953, some 18 million people passed through this massive system. Of these 18 million, it is estimated that 4.5 million never returned.
But the Gulag was not just an economic institution. It also became, over time, a country within a country, almost a separate civilization, with its own laws, customs, literature, folklore, slang, and morality. Topic by topic, Anne Applebaum also examines how life was lived within this shadow country: how prisoners worked, how they ate, where they lived, how they died, how they survived. She examines their guards and their jailers, the horrors of transportation in empty cattle cars, the strange nature of Soviet arrests and trials, the impact of World War II, the relations between different national and religious groups, and the escapes, as well as the extraordinary rebellions that took place in the 1950s. She concludes by examining the disturbing question why the Gulag has remained relatively obscure, in the historical memory of both the former Soviet Union and the West.
Gulag: A History will immediately be recognized as a landmark work of historical scholarship and an indelible contribution to the complex, ongoing, necessary quest for truth.
作者:(美國)安妮•阿普爾鮑姆 譯者:戴大洪
安妮•阿普爾鮑姆,《華盛頓郵報》專欄作傢和編輯部成員(2002-2006)。畢業於耶魯大學(1986),馬歇爾奬學金獲得者(1987)。曾擔任(倫敦)《旁觀者》雜誌國外編輯,《經濟學傢》雜誌駐華沙記者和網絡雜誌《石闆》以及一些英國報紙的專欄作傢。作品還發錶在《紐約書評》、《外交季刊》、《華爾街日報》以及許多其他報紙刊物上。她的著作還有《東方與西方之間:跨越歐洲的中間地帶》。
本作最大的問題在於Applebaum並未揭示古拉格是社會“常態”(Normality),血淋淋的數據以及當事人的相關迴憶等高能素材反而衝淡瞭曆史的張力——“古拉格是勞作而非殺人之所”並非無稽之談,應該引起重視的則是這種言論産生的背景、原因以及效果
評分第一次認識安妮姨,以為她是Core Conservative那種,結果看瞭下推特……
評分本作最大的問題在於Applebaum並未揭示古拉格是社會“常態”(Normality),血淋淋的數據以及當事人的相關迴憶等高能素材反而衝淡瞭曆史的張力——“古拉格是勞作而非殺人之所”並非無稽之談,應該引起重視的則是這種言論産生的背景、原因以及效果
評分本作最大的問題在於Applebaum並未揭示古拉格是社會“常態”(Normality),血淋淋的數據以及當事人的相關迴憶等高能素材反而衝淡瞭曆史的張力——“古拉格是勞作而非殺人之所”並非無稽之談,應該引起重視的則是這種言論産生的背景、原因以及效果
評分本作最大的問題在於Applebaum並未揭示古拉格是社會“常態”(Normality),血淋淋的數據以及當事人的相關迴憶等高能素材反而衝淡瞭曆史的張力——“古拉格是勞作而非殺人之所”並非無稽之談,應該引起重視的則是這種言論産生的背景、原因以及效果
古拉格從一成立起就是某種法外的經濟組織,是自負盈虧的。契卡/OGPU再有錢,你能每個月給這麼多犯人買單?何況索羅維茨基一年就能虧160萬盧布,要不是納夫塔裡·富蘭克爾努力提升犯人工作量,契卡早就倒閉了。在這個意義上有錢人還能買些自由,但是這些錢不夠的時候那就不能用...
評分版权归作者所有,任何形式转载请联系作者。 作者:宸轻箫(来自豆瓣) 来源:https://www.douban.com/note/599815969/ 从某种程度上来说,禁书反而是一个风向标,告诉我们,他们在害怕什么,掩饰什么。比如年末猝不及防的一波古拉格下架潮。关于古拉格题材的图书,国内其实早...
評分作者很客观的节选和编排了当事人回忆录。 不得不说,章节编排的很好,循序渐进。从开始一直讲到古拉格体系崩溃和后记。 每个章节中尽量出现不同观点双方的回忆录,这样做虽然做到了客观,但也使读者不知道哪一种是更为普遍。 在这样的科学编排下 大致印象是前期政治犯的特殊待...
評分以前从来没有了解过俄罗斯的历史,突然间翻到了《古拉格》,觉得好神奇的名字,就回来买了电子书来看。 结果迅速被这段历史情节迷住了,这段历史堪称德国的集中营。 古拉格实质就是一种国家奴隶制。里面描写的场景都是很血腥的画面,生命仿佛失去了意义,变成了一种...
評分以前从来没有了解过俄罗斯的历史,突然间翻到了《古拉格》,觉得好神奇的名字,就回来买了电子书来看。 结果迅速被这段历史情节迷住了,这段历史堪称德国的集中营。 古拉格实质就是一种国家奴隶制。里面描写的场景都是很血腥的画面,生命仿佛失去了意义,变成了一种...
Gulag pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024