TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

1. Introduction

1.1 What is Regional Economics?

1.2 Three Foundation Stones

1.3 Regional Economic Problems and the Plan of This Book

Selected Readings

2. Individual Location Decisions

2.1 Levels of Analysis and Location Units

2.2 Objectives and Procedures for Location Choice

2.3 Location Factors

2.4 Spatial Patterns of Differential Advantage in Specific Location Factors

2.5 Transfer Orientation

2.6 Location and the Theory of Production

2.7 Scale Economies and Multiple Markets or Sources

2.8 Some Operational Shortcuts

2.9 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

3. Transfer Costs

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Some Economic Characteristics of Transfer Operations

3.3 Characteristic Features of Transfer Costs and Rates

3.4 Locational Significance of Characteristics of Transfer Rates

3.5 Some Recent Developments Concerning the Structure of Transfer Costs

3.6 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

Appendix 3-1 Rate Discrimination by a Transfer Monopolist

4. Location Patterns Dominated by Dispersive Forces

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Market Areas

4.3 Some Aspects of Spatial Pricing Policy and Market Areas

4.4 Competition and Location Decisions

4.5 Market Areas and the Choice of Locations

4.6 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

Appendix 4-1 Conditions Determining the Existence and Size of Market Areas

5. Location Patterns Dominated by Cohesion

5.1 Introduction

5.2 External Economies: Output Variety and Market Attraction

5.3 External Economies: Characteristics of the Production Process

5.4 Single-Activity Clusters and Urbanization

5.5 Mixed Situations

5.6 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

6. Land Use

6.1 What Is "Land"?

6.2 Competition for the Use of Land

6.3 An Activity's Demand for Land: Rent Gradients and Rent Surfaces

6.4 Interactivity Competition for Space

6.5 Rural and Urban Land Use Allocation

6.6 Residential Location

6.7 Rent and Land Value

6.8 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

Appendix 6-1. Derivation of Formulas for Rent Gradients and Their Slopes

7. The Spatial Structure of Urban Areas

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Some Location Factors

7.3. Symmetrical Monocentric Models of Urban Form

7.4 Differentiation by Sectors

7.5 Subcenters

7.6 Explaining Urban Form

7.7 Changes in Urban Patterns

7.8 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

8. The Location of Urban Places

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Formation of a System of Cities

8.3 Trade Centers in an American Region-The Upper Midwest Study

8.4 Activities Extraneous to the Central-Place Hierarchy

8.5 Trends in Urban Patterns

8.6 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

Appendix 8-1 Trading-Area Boundaries Under Reilly's Law

Appendix 8-2 Concentration of U.S. Manufacturing Industries by Size Class of City

9. Regions

9.1 The Nature of a Region

9.2 Delimiting Functional Regions

9.3 Relations of Activities Within a Region

9.4 Regional Specialization

9.5 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

10. The Location of People

10.1 Introduction

10.2 A Look at Some Differentials

10.3 The Supply of Labor at a Location

10.4 Labor Orientation: The Demand for Labor at a Location

10.5 The Rationale of Labor Cost Differentials

10.6 Labor Cost Differentials and Employer Locations Within an Urban Labor Market Area

10.7 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

11. How Regions Develop

11.1 Some Basic Trends and Questions

11.2 What Causes Regional Growth?

11.3 The Role of Demand

11.4 The Role of Supply

11.5 Interregional Trade and Factor Movements

11.6 Interregional Convergence

11.7 The Role of Cities in Regional Development

11.8 External and Internal Factors in Regional Development

11.9 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

Appendix 11-1 Further Explanation of Basic Steps in Input-Output Analysis

Appendix 11-2 Example of an Input-Output Table with Households Included as an Endogenous Activity

12. Regional Objectives and Policies

12.1 The Growing Concern with Regional Development

12.2 Objectives

12.3 Regional Pathology: The Emergence of "Problem Areas"

12.4 The Available Tools

12.5 Basic Issues of Regional Development Strategy

12.6 The Role of Growth Centers

12.7 Aspects of United States Regional Development programs

12.8 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings

Appendix 12-1 The Shift-Share Analysis of Components of Regional Activity Growth

13. Some Spatial Aspects of Urban Problems

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Downtown: Problems and Responses

13.3 Urban Poverty

13.4 Transporting People

13.5 Urban Fiscal Distress

13.6 The Value of Choice

13.7 Summary

Technical Terms Introduced in This Chapter

Selected Readings