具体描述
MASTERCAM数控编程：新手上路，ISBN：9787302155867，作者：单岩，平芳，吴立军 编著
machining and Manufacturing Technologies: A Practical Guide This comprehensive handbook serves as an invaluable resource for anyone venturing into the dynamic world of modern manufacturing and machining. It demystifies the intricate processes and foundational principles that underpin precision engineering and efficient production. Rather than focusing on specific software packages, this guide delves into the universal concepts that are applicable across a broad spectrum of machining and manufacturing technologies. Part 1: The Fundamentals of Machining The initial section lays a robust groundwork by exploring the core principles of material removal processes. This includes a detailed examination of various machining operations, such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding. For each operation, the book elucidates the fundamental mechanics, the types of tools and machinery involved, and the key parameters that influence the outcome. Turning: This chapter would delve into the mechanics of rotating a workpiece against a stationary cutting tool. It would cover different types of lathes (e.g., engine lathes, turret lathes, CNC lathes), various cutting tool geometries (e.g., high-speed steel, carbide, diamond), and the factors affecting surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and cutting forces. Specific turning operations like facing, grooving, knurling, and threading would be discussed in detail. Milling: The focus here would be on removing material from a stationary workpiece using a rotating cutting tool. Different milling machine types (e.g., vertical, horizontal, universal, CNC milling machines) would be introduced. The book would explore various milling processes such as face milling, peripheral milling (down milling and up milling), end milling, slotting, and contour milling. The selection of appropriate milling cutters (e.g., end mills, face mills, shell mills) and their engagement with the workpiece would be a key area of discussion. Drilling: This section would concentrate on creating holes in a workpiece. It would cover various drilling machines (e.g., drill presses, radial arm drills, CNC drilling centers) and different drilling tools like twist drills, center drills, and reamers. The mechanics of chip formation, the importance of cutting fluid, and techniques for achieving accurate hole sizes and locations would be explained. Specialized drilling techniques like counterboring, countersinking, and tapping would also be included. Grinding: This chapter would explore abrasive machining processes used for achieving high surface finishes and precise dimensions. Different types of grinding machines (e.g., surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, tool grinders) and grinding wheels (e.g., aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond) would be discussed. The book would explain the principles of abrasive cutting, the factors influencing grinding performance, and common grinding applications. Beyond these fundamental operations, Part 1 also addresses crucial auxiliary concepts. This includes: Material Properties and Machinability: Understanding the characteristics of different workpiece materials is paramount. This section would explore the mechanical properties of common engineering materials like various steels, aluminum alloys, plastics, and composites, and how these properties affect their machinability. Concepts like hardness, tensile strength, ductility, and thermal conductivity would be linked to cutting speed, feed rate, and tool life. Cutting Tool Technology: The selection and maintenance of cutting tools are critical for efficient and accurate machining. This chapter would delve into different cutting tool materials (e.g., high-speed steel, cemented carbides, ceramics, diamond), their respective advantages and disadvantages, and the factors influencing their wear and failure. Tool geometry, including rake angles, clearance angles, and cutting edge preparation, would be thoroughly explained. Cutting Fluids and Lubrication: The role of cutting fluids in machining operations is multifaceted. This section would cover the functions of cutting fluids, including cooling, lubrication, chip flushing, and corrosion prevention. Different types of cutting fluids (e.g., soluble oils, semi-synthetics, synthetics, straight oils) would be discussed, along with their applications and safety considerations. Proper lubrication techniques for various machine components would also be addressed. Metrology and Measurement: Achieving dimensional accuracy in manufacturing relies heavily on precise measurement. This chapter would introduce fundamental metrology principles and common measuring instruments such as calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, and gauges. It would also touch upon coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and the importance of understanding tolerances and fits in engineering drawings. Part 2: Manufacturing Processes and Technologies Building upon the foundational machining principles, Part 2 expands the scope to encompass a broader range of manufacturing processes and technologies that are integral to modern production environments. This section emphasizes the interconnectedness of different manufacturing techniques and the importance of selecting the right process for a given application. Introduction to Manufacturing Systems: This chapter would provide an overview of different manufacturing system architectures, from traditional job shops to highly automated flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and mass production lines. It would discuss concepts like work cell design, material handling systems, and the principles of lean manufacturing and Six Sigma. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): This rapidly evolving field would be introduced, explaining the fundamental principles of building parts layer by layer. Different additive manufacturing technologies, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), and metal 3D printing, would be described. The applications of additive manufacturing in prototyping, tooling, and even end-use part production would be highlighted. Forming and Fabrication Processes: This section would explore manufacturing methods that shape materials without significant material removal. It would cover processes like forging, stamping, drawing, bending, and extrusion for metals, as well as molding and extrusion for plastics. The book would discuss the principles behind these processes, the types of machinery used, and the properties of materials best suited for each. Joining and Assembly Technologies: Bringing components together to form a finished product is a critical manufacturing stage. This chapter would cover various joining techniques, including mechanical fastening (screws, bolts, rivets), welding (arc welding, resistance welding, laser welding), brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding. The selection of appropriate joining methods based on material properties, strength requirements, and cost would be emphasized. Automation and Control Systems: Modern manufacturing relies heavily on automation. This section would introduce the basic concepts of industrial automation, including programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensors, actuators, and robotic systems. It would explain how these systems are used to control and monitor manufacturing processes, improve efficiency, and enhance safety. Quality Control and Assurance: Ensuring the quality of manufactured goods is paramount. This chapter would discuss various quality control techniques, including statistical process control (SPC), inspection methods, and quality management systems (e.g., ISO 9000). The importance of traceability and documentation throughout the manufacturing process would also be covered. Part 3: Design for Manufacturing and Production Planning The final section shifts focus towards the crucial aspects of planning and designing for efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. It underscores that manufacturing excellence begins long before the machines start running. Introduction to Design for Manufacturing (DFM): This chapter would explain the philosophy of designing products with manufacturability in mind. It would cover key DFM principles, such as simplifying part designs, reducing the number of components, standardizing parts, and choosing appropriate manufacturing processes early in the design phase. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T): This section would provide a thorough understanding of GD&T, a symbolic language used on engineering drawings to specify the form, orientation, location, and runout of features on a part. It would explain how GD&T ensures interchangeability and functional performance of manufactured parts. Manufacturing Planning and Process Selection: This chapter would guide the reader through the stages of production planning, from initial concept to full-scale manufacturing. It would cover topics such as process flow analysis, production scheduling, capacity planning, and cost estimation. The decision-making process for selecting the most appropriate manufacturing technologies for a specific product would be a key focus. Tooling and Fixturing: Proper tooling and fixturing are essential for supporting and locating workpieces during machining and assembly operations. This section would discuss different types of tooling (e.g., cutting tools, molds, dies) and workholding devices (e.g., vises, chucks, fixtures). The design principles for effective tooling and fixturing would be explained. Introduction to Computer-Aided Technologies (CAD/CAM/CAE): While not focusing on specific software, this chapter would introduce the fundamental concepts of computer-aided design (CAD) for creating 2D and 3D models, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) for generating machine tool paths, and computer-aided engineering (CAE) for simulation and analysis. It would highlight how these technologies streamline the design and manufacturing process. Project Management in Manufacturing: Successfully bringing a product to market involves effective project management. This section would touch upon key project management principles relevant to manufacturing, including scope definition, resource allocation, risk management, and schedule adherence. Throughout the book, practical examples, case studies, and clear diagrams would be used to illustrate complex concepts. The aim is to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practices that drive modern manufacturing, enabling them to make informed decisions and contribute effectively to production environments. This guide serves as a foundational text, fostering a deep appreciation for the science, engineering, and art involved in transforming raw materials into finished products.
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