具体描述
Opinions on the large-scale structure of the early universe range widely from primeval chaos to a well-ordered mass distribution. P.J.E. Peebles argues that the evolution proceeded from a nearly uniform initial state to a progressively more irregular and clumpy universe. The discussion centers on the largest known structures, the clusters of galaxies, the empirical evidence of the nature of the clustering, and the theories of how the clustering evolves in an expanding universe.In Chapter One the author provides an historical introduction to the subject. Chapter Two contains a survey of methods used to deal with the Newtonian approximation to the theory of the evolution of the mass distribution. Recent progress in the use of statistical measures of the clustering is described in Chapter Three. Chapters Four and Five return to techniques for dealing with cosmic evolution, in the statistical measures of clustering and under general relativity theory. Lastly, in Chapter Six Professor Peebles assesses the progress in attempts to link theory and observation to arrive at a well established physical picture of the nature and evolution of the universe.
作者简介
目录信息
3
Physical principles
11
How did galaxies and clusters of galaxies form?
18
Summary
35
NEWTONIAN APPROXIMATION
37
Particle dynamics in expanding coordinates
41
The peculiar acceleration
43
the Vlasov equation and the ideal fluid
45
Relation between t and w some examples
195
Inversion of the equation
200
Angular threepoint correlation function
203
Angular fourpoint correlation function
209
Correction for curvature and expansion
213
Summary of numerical results
221
Power spectrum of the extragalactic light
225
Moments of the number of neighbors
230
Linear perturbation approximation for 5
49
p A 0
56
models with A 0
59
The peculiar velocity field
63
Joining conditions for d and v
66
Critical Jeans length
68
Primeval magnetic field as a source for Spp
71
Second order perturbation theory for 5pp
74
Spherical model
77
Homogeneous ellipsoid model
86
Caustics and pancakes
95
Expansion vorticity and shear
103
Origin of the rotation of galaxies
107
Cosmic energy equation
110
Spherical accretion model
115
Hierarchical clustering model
120
Fourier transform of the equations of motion
124
Coupling of density fluctuations
128
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
138
Fair sample hypothesis
142
Twopoint spatial correlation function tr
143
another definition
145
Poisson model
147
Threepoint correlation function
148
Fourpoint correlation function
150
Moments of counts of objects
152
Constraints on t and f
156
Probability generating function
158
Estimates of PN
160
Cluster model
163
Power spectrum
166
Power law model for the spectrum
169
Bispectrum
171
Cross correlation function
172
Angular twopoint correlation function
174
Angular power spectrum
175
Estimating w6
183
Statistical uncertainty in the estimate of w0
187
Relation between angular and spatial twopoint correlation functions
189
Small separation approximation and the scaling relation
191
Decoupling of magnitude and position
194
Relation between t and w some examples
195
Inversion of the equation
200
Angular threepoint correlation function
203
Angular fourpoint correlation function
209
Correction for curvature and expansion
213
Summary of numerical results
221
Power spectrum of the extragalactic light
225
Moments of the number of neighbors
230
Model for PN
233
Clustering models
236
Mandelbrots prescription
243
The mass correlation functions
249
continuity speculation
253
Remarks on the observations
255
DYNAMICS AND STATISTICS
257
Definitions of variables and distribution functions
258
BBGKY hierarchy equations
259
Fluid limit
262
Evolution of the integral of
264
Particle conservation equations
266
Relative peculiar velocity dispersion
272
Similarity solution
275
Cosmic energy equation
278
Cosmic virial theorem
280
Joint distribution in position and velocity
285
Behavior of the halo around a cluster of galaxies
291
Superclusters
299
Problems and prospects
301
RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF IRREGULARITIES IN AN EXPANDING WORLD MODEL
304
Timeorthogonal coordinates
306
The field equations for haf
310
Gravitational waves
312
Newtonian approximation
313
Linear perturbation equations for the matter
317
Behavior of density perturbations at wavelength ct
319
Spherical model
324
Evolution of acoustic waves
330
Nonlinear acoustic waves
333
Incompressible flow
341
Behavior of collisionless particles
345
Linear dissipation of adiabatic perturbations
352
Residual fluctuations in the microwave background
363
Isothermal perturbations
373
SCENARIOS
379
Nature of protogalaxies and protoclusters
384
APPENDIX
395
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
401
INDEX
417
Copyright
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
用户评价
与其说这是一本书,不如说这是一份对人类智慧边界的严肃挑战。我通常不会用“烧脑”来形容阅读体验,但对于这本书,我找不到更合适的词汇。作者在讨论宇宙物质密度参数和哈勃常数演化关系时,所采用的数学工具的复杂程度,已经超出了普通物理爱好者的舒适区。然而,正是这种不妥协的严谨性,确保了这本书的权威地位。对我来说,最有价值的部分是它对“观测偏差”的处理——那些理论预测与实际测量结果之间的微小不一致,正是推动科学进步的真正动力。书中详尽地分析了如何从这些偏差中提炼出新的物理信息,而不是简单地忽略它们。它教会我的不仅是关于宇宙结构的事实,更是一种科学研究的方法论:永远不要轻易满足于“足够好”的解释,永远要追问那些细微的、不和谐的音符。这本书是一份需要反复研读的参考资料,其深度和广度,注定它将成为我在未来很长一段时间内,用来检验任何新宇宙学理论的试金石。
这本书带给我一种近乎哲学层面的冲击感。它不只是在描述“有什么”和“如何形成”的问题,更是在探讨“为什么会是这样”的终极疑问。它的语言风格,虽然学术味十足,但字里行间却流淌着一种对宇宙秩序的深深敬畏。我特别喜欢它对“涨落”的强调,从量子尺度的微小不均匀性,如何通过引力放大,最终催生出我们今天看到的星系团和宇宙大尺度结构,这个过程的描述,如同史诗般壮阔。书中对观测结果的引用非常详尽,你几乎可以追踪到从早期的星系普查到现代的斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)等一系列关键项目的数据。这种将理论模型与实际观测紧密结合的写作手法,使得整本书充满了可验证性和说服力。虽然阅读过程需要相当的毅力和耐心,但当你合上书本,抬头仰望夜空时,那种感觉是完全不同的——你不再只是看到闪烁的光点,而是能隐约感知到在那光点背后,隐藏着一个由引力主导的、正在不断膨胀和演化的巨大网络。
我花了整整一个夏天才算勉强“啃完”了这本大部头。如果用一个词来形容我的阅读体验,那一定是“震撼”。这绝不是那种提供简单答案的书籍,它更像是一份详尽的、几乎是百科全书式的宇宙结构地图集。作者似乎拥有一种近乎偏执的对细节的追求,每一个章节都在试图穷尽目前观测数据和理论预测之间的所有微妙关系。我印象最深的是关于暗物质和暗能量的讨论部分,那里的论述严谨得令人发指,他没有轻率地给出任何定论,而是极其耐心地铺陈了所有支持和反对的证据链条。读到后面,我感觉自己已经不仅仅是一个“读者”,更像是一个旁观者,目睹了科学家们是如何用冰冷的数字和复杂的公式,试图描摹出这个浩瀚无垠的结构。书中的图解,虽然数量不多,但张张都堪称经典,它们精准地捕捉了那些我们肉眼无法企及的尺度上的物质分布规律。唯一的“缺点”可能就是,对于非专业人士来说,某些涉及高阶统计物理和场论的段落,确实需要多次回读,甚至需要借助外部资源辅助理解,但这或许也正是它价值所在——它为你提供了一条通往最前沿研究的、毫不妥协的路径。
说实话,我买这本书的时候,是抱着一种既期待又害怕的心情。它太出名了,名气大到让人望而生畏。然而,实际翻阅下来,我发现它内在的逻辑性远比我想象的要清晰流畅。作者构建了一个非常稳固的理论框架,从最基础的弗里德曼方程开始,一步步搭建起我们理解宇宙演化的宏伟蓝图。尤其赞赏作者在处理那些理论上的“分歧点”时的平衡态度,他不会强行灌输某一种观点,而是会客观地列出不同学派的论据和支撑的观测数据,让读者自己去权衡。这种高度的学术诚实性,是我认为这本书最宝贵的地方。读完它,你不会觉得宇宙变得“简单”了,恰恰相反,你会清晰地认识到我们知识边界之外,还存在着多少未解之谜和多少精妙的物理法则正在起作用。它像一把手术刀,精准地切开了我们对“空旷”宇宙的朴素认知,暴露出了其背后隐藏的、由引力编织而成的复杂网格。对于任何严肃对待宇宙学的人来说,这都是一本必须被反复研读的案头之作。
这本厚重的砖头书,刚拿到手的时候,我就被它那几乎要从书架上掉下来的分量给镇住了。内封面上那些密密麻麻的符号和图表,简直像是某种古老的星际密码,初看之下,只觉得高深莫测,连翻开的勇气都需要酝酿许久。我带着一种朝圣般的心情,小心翼翼地开始了我的阅读之旅。坦白说,这本书的叙事方式绝对不是那种轻松的“科普读物”风格,它更像是顶尖物理学家之间进行的一场严肃的、近乎学术的对话。作者似乎深知读者的背景知识,所以毫不留情地直接切入了主题,各种复杂的数学工具和理论框架如潮水般涌来,让人必须时刻保持高度的专注力,否则稍微走神,可能下一页的内容就会变得难以理解。我特别欣赏其中对于不同宇宙学模型的历史演变梳理,那种层层递进、不断推翻旧有观念的过程,如同侦探小说般引人入胜,展示了科学探索的艰辛与魅力。尽管阅读过程充满了挑战,需要我频繁地查阅附录中的专业术语,但每当成功理解一个复杂的概念时,那种豁然开朗的感觉,简直比解开一道困扰许久的谜题还要令人满足。这本书不是用来消磨时间的,它是用来挑战思维的,它要求你付出努力,而回报则是对我们所处宇宙宏大图景的更深层次的理解。
remarkable work. I read this book as a philosophical reflection.
Sigma8 今天 Peebles 获奖了,豆瓣估计没人认识他
remarkable work. I read this book as a philosophical reflection.
Sigma8 今天 Peebles 获奖了,豆瓣估计没人认识他
Sigma8 今天 Peebles 获奖了,豆瓣估计没人认识他