圖書標籤: 社會學 人類學 政治學 政治 politics Anthropology 比較政治
发表于2024-10-04
Seeing Like a State pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
Compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, collectivization in Russia, Le Corbusier's urban planning theory realized in Brasilia, the Great Leap Forward in China, agricultural "modernization" in the Tropics -- the twentieth century has been racked by grand utopian schemes that have inadvertently brought death and disruption to millions. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry? In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. Centrally managed social plans misfire, Scott argues, when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not -- and cannot -- be fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends upon the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. He identifies and discusses four conditions common to all planning disasters: administrative ordering of nature and society by the state; a "high-modernist ideology" that places confidence in the ability of science to improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large-scale interventions; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans. "A broad-ranging, theoretically important, and empirically grounded treatment of the modern state and its propensity to simplify and make legible a society which by nature is complex and opaque. For anyone interested inlearning about this fundamental tension of modernity and about the destruction wrought in the twentieth century as a consequence of the dominant development ideology of the simplifying state, this is a must-read". -- Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, author of Hitler's Willing Executioners
James C. Scott is the Eugene Meyer Professor of Political Science and Anthropology at Yale University and current president of the Association of Asian Studies. He is the author of Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts, and The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, all published by Yale University Press.
high-modernism, metis knowledge, on planning, conditions when mass-scale planning is possible. thin and thick city/plant.
評分論點非常簡單的一本書,high modernism vs local knowledge,legibility vs opacity,主要讀瞭俄國革命和蘇聯集體化的部分,有點意猶未盡。
評分城市規劃和蘇聯集體化兩章很精彩,最後對metis的強調不僅話癆,而且跑題。因為政治權力推行的high modernism是多種不同的意識形態,既未必涉及知識,也未必是為瞭改善人類狀況。這不是認識論缺陷導緻的失察,而是政治鬥爭的結果。(全書莫名話癆,可能為瞭強化一種metis吧。)
評分是的沒錯,我的人類學政治學經濟學社會學課都曾經把它列入必讀教材中。2010-2015
評分具體知識很重要,實踐很重要,改造社會不能僅靠專業知識繪製藍圖,好,這些我都知道瞭,但科層化理性化都是現代社會大勢所趨,好的研究應該把這個“大勢”在社會中造成的影響以及社會對這個影響的迴饋之間的互動關係給寫齣來,作者也承認現代化種種給人們帶來的好處,可是分析具體問題的時候就一邊倒瞭。中國的社會主義實踐到瞭今天還在各個層麵上影響著我們這個社會運行的邏輯,好的、壞的,這書的那種解釋框架顯然失之淺薄瞭。還有,我不認為哲學和數學這樣的抽象知識的推廣就必然以犧牲實踐理性為代價。這兩者在很多層麵是可以兼容的。我是寫民族誌的,喜歡強調實踐理性和“民智”,但我同時認為更為抽象的理論知識幫助我們從“理”和根本的原則來想問題,而不是退化成“情境”和“條件”。我覺得作者從一個極端走嚮瞭另一個極端。
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Seeing Like a State pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024