具体描述
Ebb and Flow records an important chapter in the Korean War, the period from late November 1950 to early July 1951 when battle lines did indeed ebb and flow in pronounced surges. Billy C. Mossman begins with the last weeks of the pell-mell rush of United Nations forces to the Chinese border and goes on to chronicle in great detail the test of American military leadership and resources posed by the taxing retreat of the Eighth Army and X Corps across the frozen wastes of North Korea. He highlights the limitations imposed by terrain and weather on the fighting capabilities of an American army facing surprise attack from a large disciplined enemy. In addition, the operations he describes in such careful detail vivify the principles of war for those with an interest in studying the profession of arms.
作者简介
A graduate of Wayne State (Nebraska) College, Billy C. Mossman is the author of studies and monographs on U.S. Army operations in the Korean War and of two chapters, "Peace Becomes Cold War, 1945-50," and "The Korean War, 1950-53," in American Military History, a volume in the Army Historical Series. He contributed to Origins, History, and Accomplishments of the U.S. Army Reserve, published by the Historical Evaluation and Research Organization, and to Challenge and Response in Internal Conflict, published by the Center for Research in Social Systems, American University. He is also coauthor of The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals, 1921-1969.During World War II, Mr. Mossman served as a platoon leader with the 381st Infantry, 96th Infantry Division, and participated in the Leyte and Okinawa campaigns in the Pacific theater. In the Korean War, he was a military historian with the Eighth Army; Army Forces, Far East; and United Nations Command Military Armistice Commission. Mr. Mossman joined the Office of the Chief of Military History as an Army officer in 1954 and became a civilian staff member in 1957. As a civilian staff member, he served successively as historian, deputy branch chief, branch chief, and acting division chief. He retired in 1983 but remains active in the field of military history.
目录信息
Chapter
Page
I. THE MISSION
3
The Battleground
3
The Initial Mission
7
The Mission Expanded
17
The Mission Reconsidered
21
II. THE FORCES AND THE PLANS
23
The United Nations Command
23
The UNC Plan of Advance
42
The Outlook for Victory
49
III. THE ENEMY
51
The North Korean Armed Forces
51
The Chinese People's Volunteers
52
IV. THE BATTLE OF THE CH'ONGCH'ON
61
The Advance to Contact
61
The Chinese Attack
65
The Second Phase Offensive
72
The Threat of Envelopment
76
V. THE BATTLE OF THE CHANGJIN RESERVOIR
84
X Corps Dispositions, 26 November
84
The Advance Toward Mup'yong-ni
88
The IX Army Group Attacks
90
The Attacks Widen
98
The Tokyo Conference
103
VI. DISENGAGEMENT IN THE WEST
105
The Threat of Envelopment
105
The Second Disengagement
109
Trouble on the Lines of Communication
114
The Sukch'on-Sunch'on-Songch'on Line
116
The Roadblock Below Kunu-ri
119
xi
VII. CONCENTRATION AT HUNGNAM
128
New X Corps Orders
128
Shaping the Hamhung-Hungnam Defense
130
Concentration at Hagaru-ri
131
Withdrawal From the Reservoir
137
VIII. REDEPLOYMENT SOUTH
149
The Eighth Army Leaves North Korea
149
The X Corps Evacuates Hungnam
165
IX. THE CHINESE THIRD PHASE OFFENSIVE: THE OPENING
177
Ridgway Takes Command
177
Defensive Preparations
184
The Opening Enemy Assaults
188
X. WITHDRAWAL FROM SEOUL
192
To the Seoul Bridgehead
192
The Outlook, 2 January
195
The Evacuation of Seoul
198
XI. WITHDRAWAL TO LINE D
209
Withdrawal From the Han
210
Wonju and Hill 247
216
East of Route 29
223
XII. RECONNAISSANCE IN FORCE
228
The Problem of Motivation
228
Allies From North Korea
229
The Evacuation Issue Resolved
230
Operation Wolfhound
237
Task Force Johnson
239
Operation Thunderbolt
240
XIII. ADVANCE TO THE HAN
248
Roundup Preparations
248
Thunderbolt Continued
252
Operation Roundup
258
The Newest Army Estimate
263
XIV. THE BATTLE FOR HOENGSONG
266
The ROK 8th Division Destroyed
266
xii
Support Force 21
269
From the Road Junction to Hoengsong
272
The Costs
279
XV. DEFENDING THE WONJU LINE
282
The X Corps Position, 13 February
282
The West Shoulder, 13-14 February
285
The East Shoulder, 14-18 February
291
Chip'yong-ni and Task Force Crombez
295
A Turning Point
300
XVI. THE KILLER OPERATION
301
The Concept
301
Intelligence Problems
302
The Plans
305
The Advance
307
The Ripper Concept
310
XVII. OPERATION RIPPER
315
The Plan
315
The Advance to Line Albany
321
The Enemy Buildup
322
Hongch'on Cleared
327
Seoul Retaken
328
Ch'unch'on Captured
330
On the Eastern Front
333
The Courageous Concept
334
XVIII. ADVANCE TO THE PARALLEL
335
Operation Courageous
335
Ripper Concluded
343
The Parallel Question
344
The Rugged and Dauntless Concept
347
XIX. OPERATION RUGGED
351
The Enemy Situation
351
The Advance to Line Kansas
353
Change of Command
362
XX. TOWARD THE IRON TRIANGLE
368
The Enemy's Conspicuous Absence, 11-20 April
369
One Day's Notice
375
xiii
XXI. THE CHINESE SPRING OFFENSIVE: THE OPENING
378
The Enemy Plan
378
Panic at the IX Corps Left
381
Below Ch'orwon and Kumhwa
384
Along the Imjin
385
Adjusting the Line
389
XXII. THE CHINESE SPRING OFFENSIVE: ON THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN FRONTS
398
Attack on the Pendleton Line
398
Inje Falls
399
Repeat Performance
401
Censure
407
XXIII. THE CHINESE SPRING OFFENSIVE: ON THE WESTERN FRONT
410
Defending the Kansas Line
410
Withdrawal to Line Delta
419
XXIV. THE CHINESE SPRING OFFENSIVE: BATTLE FOR SEOUL
430
XXV. BATTLE BELOW THE SOYANG
438
The Search for the Enemy
439
The Offensive Resumed
444
The Battle Shifts East
460
XXVI. THE COUNTEROFFENSIVE
465
Stabilizing the Line
466
Counterattack
470
XXVII. SUBSTITUTE FOR VICTORY
488
Ridgway's Mission Redefined
488
Operation Piledriver
491
Armistice Negotiations: The Search for a Beginning
494
The Question of Future Operations
497
Negotiations Begin
499
The New Dimensions of Battle
502
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
507
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
511
BASIC MILITARY MAP SYMBOLS
513
Tables
1. Major North Korean People's Army Units, 23 November 1950
52
2. Major Chinese Units in Korea, 23 November 1950
54
3. X Corps Battle Casualties, 27 November-10 December 1950
147
4. Losses by Major Unit, 11-13 February 1951
279
Charts
1. Theater Lines of Command for Operations in Korea, 23 November 1950
26
2. Organization of UNC Ground Forces in Korea, 23 November 1950
29
3. Organization for UNC Air Operations in Korea, 23 November 1950
40
4. Organization for UNC Naval Operations in Korea, 23 November 1950
42
5. Enemy Lines of Command, 23 November 1950
57
Maps
1. East Central Asia
4
2. Korea
6
3. The Battlefront, 23 November 1950
46
4. Battle of the Ch'ongch'on, 25-28 November 1950
66
5. The X Corps Zone, 26 November 1950
85
6. 5th and 7th Marines at Yudam-ni, 27 November 1950
91
7. The 31st RCT East of the Reservoir, 27 November 1950
93
8. Battle of the Changjin Reservoir, 27-29 November 1950
95
9. Battle of the Ch'ongch'on, 28 November-1 December 1950
106
10. The 2d Infantry Division at Kunu-ri, 29-30 November 1950
110
11. Concentration at Hagaru-ri, 1-4 December 1950
133
12. Withdrawal From the Reservoir, 6-11 December 1950
144
13. Eighth Army Withdrawal, 1-23 December 1950
152
14. X Corps Evacuation Plan
168
xv
15. Enemy Third Phase Offensive, the Opening Effort, 26 December 1950-1 January 1951
181
16. Withdrawal to Line D, I and X Corps, 4-7 January 1951
215
17. NK II Corps and V Corps Attacks, 7-22 January 1951
218
18. Operation THUNDERBOLT, 25-31 January 1951
241
19. Operation ROUNDUP, the X Corps Plan, 4 February 1951
250
20. Operation THUNDERBOLT, 1-11 February 1951
253
21. Operation ROUNDUP, 5-11 February 1951
260
22. Battle for Hoengsong, 11-13 February 1951
267
23. Chip'yong-ni, 13-14 February 1951
286
24. Defending the Wonju Line, 13-18 February 1951
289
25. Operation KILLER, 20 February-6 March 1951
303
26. Operation RIPPER, Western Front, 6-31 March 1951
316
27. Operation RIPPER, Eastern Front, 6-31 March 1951
318
28. Operation COURAGEOUS, 22-28 March 1951
336
29. The RUGGED and DAUNTLESS Operations, Western Front, 1-22 April 1951
354
30. The RUGGED and DAUNTLESS Operations, Eastern Front, 1-22 April 1951
357
31. Hwach'on Dam, 9-11 April 1951
363
32. The Chinese Spring Offensive, the Main Effort, 22-30 April 1951
380
33. The Eastern Front, 22-24 April 1951
390
34. The British 29th Brigade Sector, 25 April 1951
423
35. Battle Below the Soyang, 16-20 May 1951
446
36. 38th Infantry and Task Force Zebra Positions, 16 May 1951
449
37. Eighth Army Advance, 20 May-1 July 1951
471
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
Between 1961 and 1970 the US Army published volumes 1, 3 and 4 of the four main volumes of their history of the Korean War. For reasons never been fully explained or even discussed, the second volume covering the period between the main Chinese attack on th...
Between 1961 and 1970 the US Army published volumes 1, 3 and 4 of the four main volumes of their history of the Korean War. For reasons never been fully explained or even discussed, the second volume covering the period between the main Chinese attack on th...
Between 1961 and 1970 the US Army published volumes 1, 3 and 4 of the four main volumes of their history of the Korean War. For reasons never been fully explained or even discussed, the second volume covering the period between the main Chinese attack on th...
Between 1961 and 1970 the US Army published volumes 1, 3 and 4 of the four main volumes of their history of the Korean War. For reasons never been fully explained or even discussed, the second volume covering the period between the main Chinese attack on th...
Between 1961 and 1970 the US Army published volumes 1, 3 and 4 of the four main volumes of their history of the Korean War. For reasons never been fully explained or even discussed, the second volume covering the period between the main Chinese attack on th...
用户评价
阅读《Ebb and Flow》的过程，对我来说更像是一次心灵的洗礼。它让我重新审视了自己的生活，思考了自己的选择，也让我更加珍惜身边的人和事。书中传递出的那种积极向上、不畏艰难的精神，也深深地激励了我。我相信，每一个阅读过这本书的人，都会从中获得属于自己的力量和感悟。
我特别喜欢《Ebb and Flow》中塑造的人物形象。他们不是高大全的完美化身，而是有着自己的优点和缺点，有着自己的迷茫和困惑，也有着自己的坚持和勇气。正是这种真实性，让这些人物更加鲜活，更加立体，仿佛就生活在我们身边。我能够理解他们的选择，也能感受到他们的挣扎，更会被他们身上闪耀的人性光辉所感染。
《Ebb and Flow》的叙事节奏掌握得非常好，张弛有度，既有扣人心弦的高潮，也有温婉舒缓的铺垫。作者能够巧妙地利用起伏的情节，将读者牢牢地抓住，让你迫不及待地想知道接下来会发生什么。同时，她（或他）也十分擅长在故事的间隙中注入一些温情脉脉的细节，让整个阅读过程不会过于紧张，而是充满了人性化的温度。我特别欣赏书中那些看似无关紧要的对话，它们往往在不经意间揭示了人物内心深处的情感，或者为后续情节埋下了伏笔。
总而言之，《Ebb and Flow》是一本值得反复阅读的佳作。它不仅仅满足了我的阅读需求，更在我心中留下了深刻的印记。我非常庆幸能够遇到这本书，它丰富了我的人生，也让我对文学有了更深的理解。我强烈推荐这本书给所有热爱阅读的朋友们，相信你们也会和我一样，被它深深地吸引。
《Ebb and Flow》的语言风格也极其独特，既有诗意的优美，又不失口语化的亲切。作者的遣词造句都经过了精心的打磨，每一个字都恰到好处，仿佛是在为你量身定做。她（或他）能够用最朴素的词汇描绘出最动人的画面，用最简单的句子表达出最深刻的含义。这种返璞归真的写作方式，反而更能直击人心，让读者在阅读时产生强烈的共鸣。我常常会重复朗读一些句子，品味其独特的韵味。
我不得不说，《Ebb and Flow》带给我的惊喜远不止于此。它不仅仅是一个故事，更像是一次心灵的探索之旅。作者在字里行间巧妙地融入了许多关于人生、关于选择、关于成长的哲学思考，但这些思考又并非生硬的理论灌输，而是自然地流淌在情节之中，引发读者自己的共鸣和反思。我常常在读完一个章节后，会陷入长时间的沉思，思考书中人物所面临的困境，以及他们是如何一步步找到出路的。这种引发深度思考的能力，正是《Ebb and Flow》最吸引我的地方之一。
《Ebb and Flow》的结构设计也颇为巧妙。它不是一个简单的线性叙事，而是通过多条线索的交织，展现出更广阔的图景。作者能够将不同的故事线索有机地融合在一起，让它们相互呼应，相互促进，最终汇聚成一个完整而又引人入胜的故事。这种精巧的结构安排，无疑增加了阅读的层次感和趣味性。
我还要特别赞扬《Ebb and Flow》的想象力。作者构建了一个充满魅力的世界，那里的一切都充满了新奇和惊喜。无论是奇幻的设定，还是独特的文化，都展现出了作者非凡的创造力。在这个世界里，我不仅看到了故事，更看到了无限的可能性。
这是一本真正触动我内心的作品。作者对情感的描绘极其细腻，无论是喜悦、悲伤、爱恋还是失落，都被刻画得入木三分。我常常会在阅读时，随着书中人物的情绪起伏而跌宕，为他们的遭遇感到揪心，也为他们的幸福而欣慰。那些微妙的情感变化，那些难以言说的内心挣扎，在作者的笔下都得到了淋漓尽致的展现。我能感受到作者在创作时，一定是投入了自己真实的灵魂，才能写出如此真挚、如此打动人心的文字。
这本《Ebb and Flow》真的让我爱不释手，从翻开第一页的那一刻起，我就被它深深地吸引住了。作者的文字功底毋庸置疑，她（或他）描绘的场景栩栩如生，仿佛我真的置身于书中的那个世界，感受着那里的一切。无论是波澜壮阔的自然风光，还是细腻入微的人物情感，都处理得恰到好处。尤其是书中对那些微小却又极其重要的生活片段的捕捉，更是让我感触颇深。我常常会在阅读时停下来，回味作者如何用简练的笔触勾勒出复杂的情绪，如何将一个看似平凡的瞬间赋予深刻的意义。这种沉浸式的阅读体验，是在许多其他书中难得一见的。
