Contents
1 Introductlon to intemational accounttng
Environmental factors
Classification
Summary
References
2 Europe l
Introduction to Europe
Accounting in Gemnany
Introduction to the German business environment
Legislative regulations
Influence of the tax system
The accounting profession
Accounting principles and practices
Summary - Germany
Accounting in France
Introduction to the French business environment
Legislative regulations
Influence of the tax system
The accounting professlon
Accounting principles and practices
Summary - France
The Netherlands
Introduction to the Dutch business environment
Legislative regulations
The accounting profession
Accounting and reporting guidelines
Accounting prindples and practices
Summary - The Netherlands
Summary - Europe l
References
Appendix: Gennan, French and Dutch pro-forma
financial statements
3 Europe ll
Accounting in Scandinavian countries
Accounting in Denmark
Legislative regulations
The accounting profession
Accounting principles and practices
Summary - Denmark
Accounting in Finland
Accounting theory
Legislatlve regulatlons
The accounting profession
Accounting principles and practices
Summary - Finland
Accounting in Sweden
Legislative regulations
The accountlng profession
Accountmg principles and practices
Summary - Sweden
Accountmg in Norway
Legislative regulations
The accounting profession
Accounting principles and- practices
Summary - Norway
References
Appendix: typical Nordic finandal statement fomnats
4 Europe lll
Accountlng in Belgium
Accounting in italy
Accounting in Greece
Accounting in Spain
Accounting in Portugal
Accounting in Switzerland
Accounting in Austria
Summary
References
5 Accountlng in the United States of America
introduction to the USA
introduction to the American business environment
Legislative regulations
The FASB Conceptual Framework
Standard-setting and the AlCPA
Other accounting bodies
Accounting practices
Audit requirements
Published financial statements
Summary
References
6 Accounting In japan
Introduction to Japan
Introduction to the Japanese buslness environment
Legislative regulations
Influence of the tax system
Accounting profession
Culture
Accounting principles and practices
Publlshed finandal statements
Reporting under the Securities and Exchange Law
Summary
References
7 Accountlng In the United Klngdom
Introduction to the UK
The UK business environment
Legislative regulations
Accounting standards
Accounting practices
Cashflow statements
Summary
References
Appendix: illustrative examples
8 Accountlng problems of developlng countries
Introduction
What is a developing country?
What constitutes development?
Accounting needs of developing countries
Influence of colonialism
Llnks with developed countries
International and regional organizations
Accounting in developing countries
Summary
References
Appendix: United Nations country classification
9 Accountlng problems of Eastem Europe
Introduction
Accountmg in centrally planned economies
Accounting developments
Role of the developed countries
Accounting in reforming countries
Summary
References
Appendix 1: the expanding European Community
Appendix 2: Eastem Europe today
lO intematlonal accountlng harmonlzation
introduction
Arguments supporting harmonization
Obstades and deterrents to harmonization
Public-sector organizations
Private-sector organizations
Summary
References
ll Technlcal issues l
introduction
Group accounts
Foreign currency translation
Segmental reporting
Summary
References
12 Technical issues ll
introduction
peferred tax
Leasing
Stocks (inventories) and long-term contracts
Research and development
Post-retirement benefits
Other techoical issues
Summary
References
13 Analysls and interpretatlon of forelgn flnanclal
statements
Introduction
Problems for preparers
Problems for users
Culture
Summary
References
Dlscusslon questions
Questions related to Chapter l
Questions related to Chapters 2-7
Questions related to Chapters 8-l0
Questions related to Chapters ll-l3
index
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